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Objective To identify the association between gestational weight gain and birth weight over the past 9 years in Kunshan city,Jiangsu province,China.Methods This population-based study was conducted between 2001 to 2009.Data were retrieved from Perinatal Monitoring System of Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Kunshan.The study population consisted of 33 631 women and singleton live fetus.Gestational weight gain was defined as the total weight gain during the last and first prenatal care program and divided by the interval weeks.Results From 2001 to 2009,the average incidence of low birth weight was 1.86％,while the average incidence of macrosomia was a bit higher,fluctuating around 8.47％.On those underweight mothers,after adjustment for potential confounders,and stratified by the BMI levels,which were evaluated at the first prenatal care program,we found that weight gain in the 3rd and 4th intervals,could reduce the risk of low birth weight (less than 2500 g).With those mothers with normal-weight,weight gain in the 2 rid,3 rd and 4th intervals,would reduce the risk of low birth weight.Risks in the 4th quantile among underweight and normal-weight group were prevalence odds radio (POR) 95％CI:0.51 (0.32-0.80) and 0.58 (0.42-0.79),respectively.The risks showed a significant downward trend in underweight and normal- weight groups with increased gestational weight gain.As for macrosomia (≥4000 g),the risks increased (POR 95％CI) 4.69(2.82-7.81 ) in underweight,4.15 (3.43-5.03) in normal-weight,in overweight,3.64 (2.62-5.06) and 1.96 (1.48-2.60) in obese mothers with increased levels of gestational weight gain.Trend tests indicated that the risks of marcosomia increased in all levels of BMI,with the increase of gestational weight gain.Conclusion Findings from this population-based study suggested that gestational weight gain could reduce the risks of low birth weight among underweight and normal-weight groups,while increase the risks of macrosomia in all parturients,as compared with lowest levels of gestational weight gain.
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Objective This study was to investigate the association between serum Bisphenol-A (BPA) and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).Methods A hospitalbased 1 ∶ 2 matched case-control study was conducted.Sixty-two patients with unexplained recurrent abortion were included and matched with 2 normal controls by factors as age ( ± 2 years),living in the same district and the same gestational age.The levels of BPA in serum for 62 cases and 108 controls were detected under high performance liquid chromatography after fluorescent derivatization.Levels of serum BPA in each case was compared with that in control of age,BMI,education levels,occupation,exposure for passive smoking.Results The values of serum BPA in cases and controls were ( 0.009 ± 0.002 ) and (0.004 ± 0.012) μg/ml,respectively.The levels of serum BPA in cases was significantly higher than in controls (Z=3.506,P=0.0005).After adjusted by age,BMI,education levels,occupation,passive smoking history and other factors,when compared to BPA below 0.004 μg/ml.The adjusted ORs were 4.39 (1.15-16.71)for BPA levels between 0.004 μg/ml and 0.012 μg/ml,and 4.95 (1.77-13.82) for BPA over 0.012 μg/ml.The risk of unexplained recurrentspontaneous abortion increased progressively with the growth of serum BPA levels (x2 =9.179,trend test P=0.0024).There were significant differences on BPA among controls that with histories of two,three or more abortions (the levels were 0.004,0.008,0.018 μ g/ml,respectively,F=8.92,P=0.0002).Conclusion High BPA level might be associated with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to investigate the association of Bisphenol A and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted. Sixty patients with unexplained recurrent abortion were included. Each case was matched with one normal control by age (± 2 years), living district and the same gestational age. The levels of Bisphenol A in urine for 60 cases and 60 controls were detected using high performance liquid chromatography after fluorescent derivatization. The levels of urinary Bisphenol A in case was compared with that in control in education levels, occupation, smoking history. Data was analyzed by means of Wilcoxon-test, Student-Newman-Keuls after rank transform, univariate and multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis. The software used was SAS 9.1.3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The values of urinary Bisphenol A in cases and controls were (0.10 ± 0.21) µg/ml, (0.03 ± 0.08) µg/ml, respectively. The level of urinary Bisphenol A in cases was significantly higher than that in controls (Z = 3.988, P < 0.0001). The urinary Bisphenol A levels in cases were significant higher than those in controls from senior middle school (the levels were 0.10, 0.06 µg/ml respectively, Z = 1.996, P = 0.0459), college (the levels were 0.14, 0.03 µg/ml respectively, Z = 2.586, P = 0.0097), workers or farmers (the levels were 0.08, 0.03 µg/ml respectively, Z = 2.265, P = 0.0235), businessmen (the levels were 0.10, 0.03 µg/ml respectively, Z = 2.544, P = 0.0109), and no passive smokers (the levels were 0.09, 0.03 µg/ml respectively, Z = 3.767, P = 0.0002). After adjustment by age, body mass index, marital status during pregnancy and other factors, compared to Bisphenol A below 0.06 µg/ml, the adjusted OR was 4.03 (1.67 - 9.74) for Bisphenol A levels between 0.06 µg/ml and 0.20 µg/ml, and was 5.46 (1.95 - 15.27) for Bisphenol A over 0.20 µg/ml. The risk of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion increased progressively with the growth of urinary Bisphenol A levels (χ(2) = 13.042, trend test P = 0.0003). There were significant differences on Bisphenol A among controls, two abortions, and three or more abortions (the levels were 0.03 µg/ml, 0.09 µg/ml, 0.21 µg/ml respectively, F = 9.04, P = 0.0002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exposure to Bisphenol A may be associated with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Abortion, Habitual , Abortion, Spontaneous , Benzhydryl Compounds , Case-Control Studies , Causality , Maternal Exposure , Phenols , UrineABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of co-stimulatory molecules B7-H4 expression on prognosis of gastric cancer patients treated by cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK cells) adoptive immunotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 156 cases of gastric cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into chemotherapy group(n=81) and chemotherapy combined with CIK cell therapy group(n=75). B7-H4 expression was detected in the surgical specimens of gastric cancer patients by immunohistochemistry assay. Disease-free survival was compared between the chemotherapy group and the CIK group at different expression levels of B7-H4.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The difference was not statistically significant in all clinical and pathological data between the chemotherapy group and the CIK treatment group (P>0.05). The postoperative median tumor-free survival in two groups was 18.0 and 45.0 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (chi(2)=11.631, P=0.001). The postoperative median survival time was 27.0 and 49.0 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (chi(2)=10.907, P=0.001). In 86 patients with low B7-H4 expression, the median tumor-free survival time was 32.0 and 62.0 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (chi(2)=4.663,P=0.03). In 70 patients with high B7-H4 expression, the median tumor-free survival time was 11.0 and 18.0 months, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (chi(2)=11.971, P=0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The median tumor-free survival time of patients with gastric cancer may be further improved by chemotherapy combined with CIK cell therapy, regardless of the level of B7-H4 expression.</p>